Meet Me Halfway, Milwaukee Stories By Jennifer Morales

Police brutality and feminism are some of the issues the United States faces today. Police have always been an issue for people to deal with especially for the black community. Numerous African American males have encountered situations where they have been accused of crimes or beaten by the police. Feminism dates back to history where women were discriminated and degraded because of their gender. In today’s society, many of these conflicts still occur today and many prejudicial statements are made to downgrade women as a whole. In the book â€Å"Meet Me Halfway; Milwaukee Stories† written by Jennifer Morales, she addresses these two topics that people face everyday. In her book, she states the issues that African Americans face in†¦show more content†¦According to this issue, the headquarters of the BPP in Milwaukee was burned down by the police and many got injured. In this circumstance, Morales also introduces the major topic that the world still faces, poli ce brutality. Police brutality has been an issue in the United States for decades. Many of the police force today are perceived in a bad way through video footages on social media that displays images of the police brutally beating on citizens to an extent of death. In the article â€Å"Police Violence and Citizen Crime Reporting in the Black Community† written by Matthew Desmond, Andrew V. Papachristos, and David S. Kirk, discusses police misconducts causing communities to be an unsafe environment for citizens, especially the black community. Many black men have experienced racial profiling or police brutality in Milwaukee and this continues on to a point where calling 911 for help is no longer a choice for individuals to use due to a publicized case of police violence against a defenseless man, Frank Jude. Jude, as stated in the article, was unarmed, accused, stripped naked, and beaten by the police viciously. This terrifying incident caused many to protest against the police force. Desmo nd, Papachristos, and Kirk all believed that after this savage case, many residents in Milwaukee, mainly the black community, stop reporting crimes which lasted for a year. In Milwaukee, police violence on black men made an impact on citizens reportingShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagespossibilities are ever contesting for inclusion. Examples of good and bad handling of problems and opportunities are forever emerging. But sometimes we bring back an oldie, and with updating, gain a new perspective. For new users, I hope the book will meet your full expectations and be an effective instructional tool. Although case books abound, you and your students may find this somewhat unique and very readable, a book that can help transform dry and rather remote concepts into practical realityRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDo? 516 Culture’s Functions 516 †¢ Culture Creates Climate 516 †¢ Culture as a Liability 517 Creating and Sustaining Culture 519 How a Culture Begins 519 †¢ Keeping a Culture Alive 519 †¢ Summary: How Cultures Form 523 How Employees Learn Culture 523 Stories 523 †¢ Rituals 524 †¢ Material Symbols 524 †¢ Language 524 Creating an Ethical Organizational Culture 525 Creating a Positive Organizational Culture 527 Spirituality and Organizational Culture 529 What Is Spirituality? 529 †¢ Why Spirituality Now? 530Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages To my family who have always encircled me with love and encouragement—my parents (Samuel and Charlotte), my wife (Mary), my sons and their wives (Kevin and Dawn, Robert and Sally) and their children (Ryan, Carly, Connor and Lauren). C.F.G. â€Å"We must not cease from exploration and the end of all exploring will be to arrive where we begin and to know the place for the first time.† T. S. Eliot To Ann whose love and support has brought out the best in me. And, to our girls Mary, Rachel, and Tor-TorRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesAirlines CASE STUDY II-3 Norfolk Southern Railway: The Business Intelligence Journey CASE STUDY II-4 Mining Data to Increase State Tax Revenues in California CASE STUDY II-5 The Cliptomaniaâ„ ¢ Web Store: An E-Tailing Start-up Survival Story CASE STUDY II-6 Rock Island Chocolate Company, Inc.: Building a Social Networking Strategy CASE STUDY III-1 Managing a Systems Development Project at Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc. CASE STUDY III-2 A Make-or-Buy Decision

Operations Management Effective and Efficient Manner

Question: Discuss about theOperations Managementfor Effective and Efficient Manner. Answer: Introduction Operations management is a crucial aspect in monitoring the production process in an . The emerging techniques in the field of operations management are focused on reducing the wastage of resources and bringing the efficiency in the processes. The firms can not only reduce the costs, but can also deliver improved quality by adopting the best practices of operations management (Jones and Robinson, 2012). The current report is aimed at analyzing the production processes of a firm which is engaged in manufacturing CDs and DVDs. Primarily, the report focuses on finding out the factors causing downtime in the replication process and providing alternative ways for reducing the downtime. For this purpose, a rigorous analysis of the entire process of replication has been carried out before suggesting the alternative ways for improvements. Analysis of Current Situation In the current case, the management of the company is facing downtime issues in the replication process. The replication process is one of the crucial processes in the CDs/DVDs manufacturing operations. The production of the goods flows through replication to printing and then finally packaging. Thus, the replication process is among the initial processes. This means that if the downtime problem persists at the stage of replication, the production flow will be hindered causing the overall efficiency to go severely down (Barnes, 2008). In that case, the company will not be able to utilize the resources at the printing and packaging process resulting in suboptimal use. However, the analysis of the current case shows that the company has 85% in regard to replication department, 96% in the printing, and 80% in the packaging department. The above situation entails that the major problem is at final process that is packaging. The packaging process has the lowest capacity that is 80%. This implies that even the management is able to increase capacity of the replication process by reducing the downtime; still the production will not increase because the inventory will accumulate at the final process that is packaging. Therefore, the statement of the MD that what we can replicate, we can pack, is not correct. However, the reduction in the downtime in the replication process would definitely reduce the operations cost which will affect the profitability of the company positively. In regard to the replication process, it has been observed that the process has seven subsystems. Thus, the production in the replication process goes through seven stages such as injection moulding, metallization, bonding, spin coating, UV curving, conveyancing, vision system. There are many issues being encountered by the management in the entire replication process which are causing downtime. In the injection moulding, there is a lack of adequate manpower to handle the maintenance task. The company has only one person for maintenance who is also engaged in other tasks like assisting the crew members. Further, the moulds used in the process are also not supported by superior technology, which is also causing the downtime to increase. Moreover, the company also does not have sufficient funds to keep the high tech moulds as spare capacity. Further, the problems also persist in the metallization process. The deposition of aluminum particles on the DVD surface causes most of the downtime. Further, the machines and spare parts in the metallization process are also in critical condition requiring replacement. Moreover, the company does not have suitable default detection system so that the problems could be fixed. Further, due to defects in the metallization, the company is also not able to use DVD-9 bonder for bonding the DVDs. Apart from these processing issues relating to technology, few more issues causing downtime have been found out. The one among them is lack of qualified technicians in the replication process. Further, the company is also facing inadequacies in the staff capacity needed for maintenance. Further, there is no formal training being given by the company to the new personnel hired, which is also one of the primary reasons for increased downtime. Since, the staff capacity is inadequate; therefore, the personnel feel tired of the work and that causes absenteeism. The absenteeism adds to the downtime. Further, there is no standardized maintenance process and sometimes the maintenance goes unplanned which affects the flow of production adversely. The company also does not have proper system in regard to store administration. There is nobody appointed to keep record of the stores and spares and timely consider purchasing of the crucial equipment needed. The information system used by the company for maintaining records is also appear not be advanced as it is not adequately synchronized with the replication process. Proposals for Improvement The major issues in regard to the downtime are in the replication process. Thus, the replication process is needed to be looked into thoroughly for improvements. However, full benefits of the reduction in the downtime in the replication process could be reaped out only when the company enhances the capacity of packaging process which is the final process in the production system (Modrak and Vladimir, 2011). Therefore, apart from considering the improvements in the replication process, first it is needed that the MD considers improving packaging process to enhance its capacity. Currently, the replication process has the capacity of 85% while that of packaging process it is 80%. Thus, even if the efforts are made to increase the capacity of replication process, the company would not be able to get full benefits out of it because it will result only in accumulation of the inventory in front of the packaging process. In regard to improvement in the replication process, it is advisable to take up the injection moulding machine first. The company does not have sufficient resources for in-house repair and maintenance of the machines. Thus, it is recommended to outsource the maintenance task to the third party. As an alternative to outsourcing, the company can also build in-house capacity by hiring more personnel possessing adequate experience (Rockaway and Ball, 2007). The second most critical area identified for improvement is metallization. The metallization causes increase in the downtime perhaps more than any other process or sub-process; thus, it needs to be attended carefully. In order to improve the metallization process, it is very crucial to reduce the accumulation of aluminum particles on the DVD surface. For this purpose, it is suggested that the management considers replacement of the Pumps. Though, it would be quite costly, but the advantages might exceed the cost of replacement (Rockaw ay and Ball, 2007). Further, there is a great need for default detection system in the metallization process. The installation of the leak detection system is however costly, but it will benefit the company in two ways. It will not only reduce the cost and wastage, but also improve the quality of the products (Greasley, 2007). The installation of default detection system would also assist the company in considering installation of DVD-9 bonder in the bonding subsystem. This is because the faulty pieces will not enter into the bonding subsystem after installation of default detection system at the metallization subsystem. Further, there have been identified other areas for improvement such as training and recruitment, maintenance process and methods, store supervision, and information system. In regard to training and recruitment, it is advisable to have a proper system in place for selection of the candidates. Further, there must of a proper training program for the new joiners so that each personnel co uld be sufficiently trained on the crucial aspects of machine operations (Greasley, 2007). The personnel should be trained in such a manner that they are able to tackle small issues on their own without requiring involvement of an expert. Further, the company should also have dedicated teams for machine maintenance and the maintenance should be properly planned. For this purpose, there must be a formal planning process. Further, there is a need to appoint a person with responsibility to administer the stores. Besides this, the information system of the company is also required to be based on the integrated technology (Greasley, 2007). Request to MD It is requested to the managing director to consider the proposals made in this report and respond affirmatively. In this regard, the MD is first requested to approve the budget to ensure that the funds are available. Investment in moulds will require 100K and installation of the default detection system in the metallization process would require a fund of 150K. Further, the funds will also be required to hire more staff in the maintenance department, stores, and for information system upgrading. Further, the MD is also requested to accord her sanction for approval of the formal maintenance plans and processes. References Barnes, D. 2008. Operations Management: An International Perspective. Cengage Learning EMEA. Greasley, A. 2007. Operations Management. SAGE. Jones, P and Robinson, P. 2012. Operations Management. OUP Oxford. Modrak and Vladimir. 2011. Operations Management Research and Cellular Manufacturing Systems: Innovative Methods and Approaches: Innovative Methods and Approaches. IGI Global. Rockaway, T.D. and Ball, R.T. 2007. Guidelines to Minimize Downtime During Pipe Lining Operations. American Water Works Association.

Renewable Energy an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

Renewable Energy Most of the world`s industries are run by fuel. One of the popular sources of fuel is the fossil fuels which is a form of non-renewable energy. Fossil fuels are carbon-based fuels formed from the plants and animals that lived over 300 million years ago and deposited underneath the earth 's surface. The fuels are burned in order to release the stored chemical energy. Energy is important in the contemporary society as it enables us to perform the functions of the industries. Need essay sample on "Renewable Energy" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Despite the importance of the fossil fuels, environmental advocates discourage citizens to significantly decrease the use of fossil fuels because it is a non-renewable source of energy and the combustion of fossil fuels emits noxious greenhouse gases and worsen the state of global warming. Scientists look for various alternative sources of energy to compensate the world 's energy needs. Renewable energy is sources of power that is naturally replenished by nature and a much cleaner source of energy. Undergraduates Frequently Tell EssayLab specialists: Who wants to write assignment for me? Entrust Your Essay Paper To Us And Get A+ Good Essay Writing Company Websites That Write Essays For You Cheap Essays Within Hours Essay Writing Service Reviews There are different sources of renewable energy. One of which is the biofuel. A biofuel is a form of renewable energy source derived from biomass which includes crops, animal wastes and other forms of trash converted into fuel. There are various types of biofuel such as bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas ("Biofuels"2007). Solar energy has started to gain momentum as it is utilized long before in solar-powered calculators and solar panels as a source of electricity. Solar power technologies used photovoltaic (PV) panels to convert the sunlight directly to electricity (NC GreenPower n.d.). Hydropower is a form of energy already used in hydroelectric plants to produce electricity. It is considered as one of the most environmental friendly sources of electricity. It uses the falling water to produce energy. The falling water causes the turbine to spin as it is attached to the generator, which produces the energy. The process of generating electricity produces no pollution and does not need a big dam or reservoir (NC GreenPower n.d.). For over centuries, many civilizations have used the wind to produce energy. It was once used in farms to pump water and to grind the grains. It has been updated to generate electricity without rendering effects on the environment. Today, the wind turbines are mounted on tall towers to efficiently catch the wind 's energy. The propeller-like blades are attached to form a simple rotor. This new model are used to protect the birds from harm (NC GreenPower n.d.). The renewable sources of energy can significantly supply a proportion of the United State 's energy needs, and create various public benefits including environmental improvement, increased fuel diversity and national security, and regional economic development benefits (Union of Concerned Citizens 2009).The use of these renewable sources of energy renders many benefits and advantages not only to the people but also to the environment. One of which is their ability to sustain the energy needs of the industrialized countries and ability to replace the fossil fuels as a primary source of energy. Utilizing these renewable sources of energy has two main environmental benefits. First, these sources are renewable source of energy and offer a long-term, cheap and security on energy supply. It is clear that renewable sources of energy are the key to our problem in our energy source and to sustain the industries that needed energy in the future. It is a more sustainable use and offer long duration sources of energy. Second, they largely contribute on less emission of greenhouse gases. Their inability to produce a carbon-based warming and other polluting agents in our atmosphere is beneficial to our environment in drastically reducing the hazards of global warming (Alternative Energy Sources.com 2008). Renewable sources of energy are beneficial to man as we can continuously use it without depleting it. It contributes much lesser on the carbon-based warming that is one of the greatest threats in our environment. It also applies low cost applications when counting all cost. Most importantly, it provides us a cleaner environment and a healthier place to live. List of References Alternate Energy Sources.com. (2008) Whats the Advantage of Renewable Energy? Alternate Energy Sources [online] Available from http://www.alternate-energy-sources.com/advantage-of-renewable-energy.html Union of Concerned Citizens. (2009) Benefits of Renewable Energy Use. Powerful Solutions: Seven Ways to Switch America to Renewable Electricity [online] Available from http://www.ncgreenpower.org/types/index.html

Gun Rights Under President George W. Bush

Gun Rights Under President George W. Bush After a series of new laws under the administration of President Bill Clinton instituted background checks for handgun purchases and banned assault weapons, gun rights took a significant step forward during the eight years of the George W. Bush administration that followed. Although Bush himself supported several mild gun control measures and vowed to sign a renewal of the Assault Weapons Ban if it reached his desk, his administration saw several advancements of gun rights on the federal level, especially in the courts. A Supporter of ‘Common Sense’ Gun Control In debates during both the 2000 and the 2004 presidential campaign, Bush stated his support for background checks for gun buyers and for trigger locks. Additionally, he said on multiple occasions that the minimum age for carrying a handgun should be 21, not 18. However, Bush’s support for background checks stopped at instant checks that did not require waiting periods of three or five days. And his push for trigger locks extended only to voluntary programs. During his administration as governor of Texas, Bush implemented a program that provided voluntary trigger locks through police stations and fire departments. During the 2000 campaign, he called for Congress to spend $325 million in matching funds to enable state and local governments across the country to set up similar voluntary trigger lock programs. While his advocacy was for voluntary trigger locks, Bush said at one point during the 2000 campaign that he would sign a law requiring trigger locks for all handguns. On the other hand, Bush was an opponent of state and federal lawsuits against firearms manufacturers. An 11th-hour victory of the Clinton administration was a landmark deal with firearms manufacturer Smith Wesson that would see lawsuits cease in exchange for the company including trigger locks with gun sales and implementing a smart gun technology. Early in his presidency, Bush’s stance on gun industry lawsuits led to Smith Wesson withdrawing from its promises made to the Clinton White House. In 2005, Bush signed legislation providing the gun industry federal protection against lawsuits. The Assault Weapons Ban With the Assault Weapons Ban set to expire before the next presidential term was complete, Bush stated his support for the ban during the 2000 presidential campaign but stopped short of pledging to sign an extension. As the 2004 expiration date neared, however, the Bush administration signaled its willingness to sign legislation that either extended the ban or made it permanent. â€Å"[Bush] supports reauthorization of the current law,† White House spokesman Scott McClellan told reporters in 2003, as the debate over the gun ban began to heat up. Bush’s position on the ban represented a break from the National Rifle Association, which had been one of his administration’s staunchest allies. But the September 2004 deadline for renewing the ban came and went without an extension making it to the president’s desk, as the Republican-led Congress declined to take up the matter. The result was criticism on Bush from both sides: the gun owners who felt betrayed and the gun ban proponents who felt he did not do enough to pressure Congress into passing the AWB extension. â€Å"There are a lot of gun owners who worked hard to put President Bush into office, and there are a lot of gun owners who feel betrayed by him,† keepandbeararms.com publisher Angel Shamaya told the New York Times. â€Å"In a secret deal, [Bush] chose his powerful friends in the gun lobby over the police officers and families he promised to protect,† said U.S. Sen. John Kerry, Bush’s opponent in the looming 2004 presidential election. Supreme Court Appointments Despite a cloudy picture on his overall stance on gun rights, the lasting legacy of the Bush administration will be his appointments to the U.S. Supreme Court. John Roberts was nominated by Bush to replace William Rehnquist in 2005. Later that same year, Bush nominated Samuel Alito to replace Sandra Day O’Connor on the high court. Three years later, the court took up arguments in District of Columbia v. Heller, a critical case revolving around the District’s 25-year handgun ban. In a landmark ruling, the court knocked down the ban as unconstitutional and ruled for the first time that the Second Amendment applies to individuals, providing a right to own guns for self-defense inside the home. Both Roberts and Alito ruled with the majority in a narrow 5-4 decision. Just 12 months after the Heller decision, another monumental gun rights case made its way before the court. In McDonald v. Chicago, the court struck down a gun ban in the city of Chicago as unconstitutional, ruling for the first time that the gun owner protections of the Second Amendment apply to states as well as to the federal government. Again, Roberts and Alito sided with the majority in a 5-4 decision.

Custom Essay Editing

Custom Essay Editing Custom Essay Editing Custom Essay Editing Well, you have done a great job writing your essay. Now it is time to move to essay editing. Do you feel tired of your assignment? Does it take too much of your time? What should you do when the deadline is approaching and you do not want your efforts lost in vain? You need professional essay editing services: Custom essay editing service is provided for students who want to ensure their essays are perfect in grammar, content, style, punctuation, format, and referencing. It is very simple: you turn to us, give us your written essay, provide instructions, and get a polished essay back by the specified deadline! Every person who goes through the painful process of essay writing knows the feeling of satisfaction which comes after the completion of any essay. Running a simply spell-check at the end of the writing process is not enough. There is a number of specific editing strategies our editors follow while working on your assignment. Custom Essay Editing Strategies Read your written essay aloud. While it many rather simple and even stupid, reading your essay aloud you have an opportunity to see the larger picture of your own writing. You can easily identify the problems in your written essay (too long or too short sentences; unfinished idea) Make sure all words/phrases/sentences are relevant One of the most serious problems students experiences while writing essays is the decision to meet the word limit by integrated irrelevant ideas and thoughts into the essay. Do not do that mistake! Read your essay very attentive to delete all irrelevant information. If you find irrelevant information, you need to conduct a research to fill in the remaining space. Use precise, clear, and understandable language. Do not try to impress your teacher with your knowledge of lengthy, complicated, or scientific skills. Do not include the words the meaning of which is not known to you. If your teacher asks you to clarify the meaning of the specific word and you do not know what to reply, you are likely to fail. Avoid personal pronouns, unless it is required Yes, many students make this mistake. You should be very attentive not to use I, we or you in your essay writing, unless you are working on a personal essay and the use of personal pronouns is one of the initial requirements. Professional Custom Essay Editing If you do not want to spend long hours going through the above pieces of advice, you have a much easier solution: professional custom essay editing service. All you need to do is to send us your essay and our professional editors will make it perfect! Read also: APA Style Research Paper Writing the Analysis Paper Writing a College Term Paper Sociology Paper Report Writing Help

Club IT, Part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Club IT, Part 1 - Essay Example The business entity which is in focus in this case is Club IT. This is one of the new and emerging nightclubs which aims at capturing the hearts of the young revelers who would like to enjoy contemporary good music. The club has the mission of reaching out to the many potential revelers through the provision of quality services. The management of the club is of the opinion that the revelers are the ones who are supposed to be in control of what they get. For this reason, there is a need for an adequate information or feedback channel which will see to it that the management of the club gets to know what the revelers want and therefore go ahead and provide this to them. There are some issues which come up and are supposed to be addressed. In this case, the first thing that comes into perspective is to do with customer care management. The first thing which should be understood is that the collection of information in the course of the activities of a night club is something which may prove to be rather difficult for the managers of the night club and even the owner. This is majorly because the environment under which the night club operates does not necessarily create room for instantaneous feedback from the patrons who flock the night club. However, this is not to say that it is an impossibility to get this information from these individuals. currently, many nightclubs have engaged in social media. These clubs open up social media accounts from where they can interact with their customers and get feedback from them. This is something which has proved to be totally worth it to the clubs since they can easily get the much needed feedback from the patrons and after this they can see to it that they work on addressing some of the issues which are raised by the customers in the course of communication. This communication will not only be between the club and the customers but also amongst the customers or even the potential customers. For example, when a patron in t he night club uploads to Facebook a photo of the club or updates a status that points out probably the good services and pricing, it goes without saying that people might want to flock the place and sample that which was being referred to. In the modern business environment what many business are focusing on is the improvement of services, reduction of costs and at the same time generation of profits. In this light what most of them do is to adapt ways that can lead to this. In the current times these methods usually involve the revolutionized technology that is available world over. Again it is important to note that the adaptation of such measures puts the business at a better position in the industry as compared to the businesses that have not adapted the technology in their business operations. One of the ways in which companies achieve this goal is through the adaptation of business-oriented software such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The system which is to be implemen ted in this case ought to be one which will help the management of Club IT manage its finances, which is the most crucial thing in the operations. At the same time, there ought to be the provision of insights particularly to the managerial decisions which will be made and implemented in the course of business operations. The one thing which should be understood in this case is that these are some of the things which should be incorporated in the operations

Class observation report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Class observation report - Essay Example Moreover, they were able to understand and produce simple questions and statements. This class of nine students consisted only of Latin ethnic group. Spanish was their first language. Some students were relatively new arrivals who needed some basic survival skills and others had been in the United States for over six months and never felt the need or desire to combine learning English and working at the same time. However, all of them shared the intention to learn English in order to find a decent job or to improve their language and to get job promotions. Several key factors had been put in consideration while conducting the observation for this class. The first factor was the identification of errors made by the students. The second factor was the way the instructor assessed the errors that students made during class activity. The duration of the classes was one hour and fifteen minutes each with a break of fifteen minutes. The classes were held in normal classrooms, as well as in computer labs. In normal classrooms, students focused on topics that dealt with grammar skills, speaking, and small passages of reading, whereas in computer lab, they were offered opportunity to practice through specific writing assignments, such as, how to write a CV, or the etiquette of sending E-mails for job employment opportunities, and learning a new vocabulary. Textbooks were required in these classes, however, students were provided with a lesson sheet and guidelines for every class. In the classroom, the instructor gave five incorrect grammar sentences and asked the students to identify the errors in each sentence. This was a type of warm up activity to assess what the students had learned in the previous class and to get them ready for the coming lesson. One of the given sentences was, ‘I can’t come to class the last week because I was sick’. Regarding this sentence, one thing that I found very interesting was that all of the seven students were only ab le to identify one error in the mentioned sentence and that error was the past form of ‘can’t’. They were unable to identify the missing article ‘the’ because of which they produced the sentence wrongly. The interesting finding in this observation was that students were not able to recognize all errors and repeated the same mistake while attempting to identify the errors in the provided sentence. According to students, when they were asked by the instructor why not they were unable to identify the second error, they said that in their L1 the use of the article ‘the’ in a sentence like this is considered correct. Another error produced by the students which captured my attention was regarding the way the instructors began addressing the new lesson after the warm up exercise, which was about the present perfect. The instructor started by defining the present perfect tense and telling the proper condition to use it, however, the students we re struggling in grasping that information. Therefore, the teacher provided an example in the students’ mother tongue (L1) and another one in English which was, ‘Have you been drinking’, and asked the students to pair in one group to provide some examples. He gave them ten minutes to finish this exercise. The first example the students provided was, ‘I have drunk three cups of coffee today’. With attention to the previous sentence, the reason why I chose this particular error among other errors was that the students were